| 1. | It is capable of vacuum polarization.
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| 2. | To lowest order \ alpha, virtual pair production generates a vacuum polarization and magnetization given by:
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| 3. | The pointlike electron would have a diverging electromagnetic field, which should create a strong vacuum polarization.
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| 4. | They also introduced the Euler Heisenberg Lagrangian that laid the basis for the quantitative treatment of vacuum polarization.
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| 5. | PVLAS is searching for vacuum polarization of laser beams crossing magnetic fields to detect effects from axion dark matter.
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| 6. | Examples include extremely strong fields ( see Euler Heisenberg Lagrangian ) and extremely short distances ( see vacuum polarization ).
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| 7. | Thus the vacuum polarization depends on the momentum transfer, or in other words, the dielectric constant is scale dependent.
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| 8. | Where \ Pi ^ { \ prime } denotes the derivative of the vacuum polarization function with respect to q 2.
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| 9. | In experimental physics, he has worked on a precision measurement of vacuum polarization in muonic atoms to test quantum electrodynamics.
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| 10. | This reorientation of the short-lived particle-antiparticle pairs is referred to as "'vacuum polarization " '.
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